Neostylopyga rhombifolia, the Harlequin Cockroach, is a small, fast‑moving blattid known for its bold yellow‑and‑black patterning and complete lack of functional wings. Adults typically reach around 2–3 cm and are instantly recognisable by the diamond‑shaped markings that give the species its name. Both sexes are flightless, with only short tegmina present, and they rely instead on speed and agility. When disturbed, they can release a distinctive fruity, solvent‑like odour produced by amyl acetate.
 
This species is thought to originate from tropical Asia but has spread widely through human activity, becoming established across warm regions of the world. It thrives in synanthropic habitats, often living in and around buildings where warmth and shelter are available. Its oothecae tolerate relatively dry conditions, which helps the species persist in environments that would challenge many other cockroaches.
 
In captivity, N. rhombifolia is hardy and straightforward to maintain. Warm temperatures, moderate humidity, and an escape‑proof enclosure with textured surfaces for climbing are usually sufficient. They feed readily on fruits, vegetables, and dry foods, and their striking appearance makes them an appealing display species for keepers who appreciate unusual roaches.