The giant burrowing cockroach (Macropanesthia rhinoceros) is one of the most remarkable insects in Australia, often called the “rhinoceros cockroach” or “Queensland giant cockroach.” Unlike the pest species many people associate with cockroaches, this wingless giant is harmless, slow-moving, and ecologically important. Adults can reach 7–8 cm in length and weigh up to 35 g, making them the heaviest cockroach in the world. Their broad, shovel-like pronotum and powerful legs are perfectly adapted for digging, allowing them to create permanent burrows up to a meter deep in sandy soils.
In the wild, they inhabit eucalyptus forests of Queensland, where they feed almost exclusively on dry, fallen leaves. By breaking down this tough plant matter, they recycle nutrients back into the soil and help maintain forest health. Their burrows also provide stable humidity and temperature, protecting them from environmental extremes. Unlike most cockroaches, they are long-lived, with lifespans of up to 10 years, and they exhibit a surprisingly gentle temperament.
In captivity, giant burrowing cockroaches are valued for their docility and fascinating behavior. They require deep substrate to dig into, moderate humidity, and a steady supply of leaf litter—especially eucalyptus. Because they cannot fly or climb smooth surfaces, they are easy to house and pose no escape risk.